Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorders
Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorders are severe mental health conditions that involve intense symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and disturbed thinking. Studies suggest that about 1% of the global population experiences these disorders.
The onset of schizophrenia typically occurs in early adulthood, with men showing signs a bit earlier than women. In addition to hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there), those affected by schizophrenia may have distorted beliefs, such as thinking their thoughts are being controlled by others or that they are in imminent danger. These intrusive and confusing thoughts can cause individuals to act in unusual ways, speak incoherently, and struggle to engage with reality. As a result, they often face significant challenges in daily life, including work, relationships, and basic functioning.
At Nolensville Psychiatry, we provide evaluation and treatment for patients exhibiting symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Our practice serves Nashville and nearby communities, including Franklin, Arrington, Almaville, La Vergne, Smyrna, Brentwood, Oak Hill, Forest Hills, Thompson's Station, and Triune, Tennessee.
What Causes Schizophrenia?
Research into the origins of schizophrenia has uncovered important genetic and environmental factors. The condition tends to run in families, meaning that individuals with a close relative suffering from schizophrenia are at a higher risk. Genetic mutations and irregular brain structure are more commonly observed in individuals with schizophrenia, suggesting that these factors may contribute to the disorder.
It is believed that the development of schizophrenia may begin with abnormalities present from birth, which are then triggered by changes in the brain that occur during puberty. While the precise environmental triggers are still unclear, it is possible that substance abuse or extreme stress could play a role in its onset.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
The symptoms of schizophrenia are typically divided into three main categories: positive, negative, and cognitive. These symptoms vary from person to person, but all are disruptive and can severely impact relationships and daily activities.
Positive Symptoms
Positive symptoms refer to the presence of behaviors or experiences that are not typically present in the general population. Schizophrenia patients may experience delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (auditory or visual), and disorganized thinking. Their behavior may appear erratic, and they may have difficulty communicating coherently.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms refer to the absence or reduction of certain abilities or behaviors. People with schizophrenia may appear emotionally distant, withdrawing from social interactions and becoming less engaged in day-to-day activities. They may have trouble maintaining personal hygiene, speaking less frequently, and displaying little emotion.
Cognitive Symptoms
Cognitive symptoms are often more subtle and may not be as easily recognized. These include difficulties with concentration, memory, and processing information. As a result, individuals may have trouble focusing on tasks or remembering important details, which can interfere with their ability to navigate the external world and participate in daily activities.
How is Schizophrenia Treated?
Although there is no cure for schizophrenia, effective treatments are available that help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy.
Medications
Advances in antipsychotic medications have provided patients with more treatment options than ever before. In the past, treatments were limited, but today there are numerous medications available, each offering different benefits and potential side effects. Newer medications, such as Clozaril, Risperdal, and Abilify, have been particularly effective for patients who do not respond well to older antipsychotics like Thorazine or Haldol. Since medication responses can vary from person to person, psychiatrists often use a trial-and-error approach to find the most suitable treatment for each individual.
Psychotherapy
Once the acute symptoms are under control, psychotherapy can help individuals with schizophrenia cope with the challenges of living with the disorder. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is often used to help manage symptoms and improve thought patterns. In addition, other psychosocial therapies, such as group or family therapy, can enhance communication skills and coping strategies. Ongoing therapy helps individuals remain more engaged with their treatment, leading to better medication adherence and reducing the likelihood of relapse and hospitalization.