Understanding Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Many women undergo physical and emotional changes in the days leading up to their menstrual cycle, which is generally considered normal. However, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of these symptoms. It is characterized by a range of physical, emotional, and cognitive issues that significantly interfere with daily life, occurring in the week before menstruation begins. These symptoms typically diminish or resolve completely once menstruation starts. While common signs such as breast tenderness, bloating, or headaches may resemble typical premenstrual syndrome (PMS), PMDD symptoms are much more intense and disruptive, often causing distress or impairing daily activities. Symptoms of PMDD generally fade a day or two after the onset of menstruation. If PMS symptoms are particularly debilitating, a diagnosis of PMDD may be considered.
Nolensville Psychiatry provides treatment for PMDD at our practice, conveniently serving Nashville and its nearby areas, including Franklin, La Vergne, Smyrna, Brentwood, Oak Hill, Forest Hills, Thompson’s Station, Triune, Arrington, and Almaville, Tennessee.
Common Symptoms of PMDD
While PMDD shares some physical symptoms with PMS, it is primarily marked by more severe emotional and behavioral symptoms that can disrupt a woman’s everyday life. These symptoms may include:
- Severe mood swings
- Irritability or anger
- Feelings of depression or sadness
- High levels of tension
- Intense anxiety
In addition to these emotional changes, women with PMDD may also notice alterations in their sleep patterns and appetite. The onset of symptoms typically occurs 7 to 10 days before menstruation and may persist for a few days into the menstrual cycle.
What Causes PMDD?
The exact cause of PMDD remains unclear, but it is believed that hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may trigger or worsen underlying mood disorders, such as depression or anxiety. While these hormonal changes are thought to play a role in PMDD, not all women with the condition have a pre-existing mood disorder. PMDD appears to magnify symptoms of any underlying conditions, which is why it can be especially disruptive for some individuals.
How is PMDD Treated?
PMDD treatment typically focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving overall well-being. For many women, initial treatment may include lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, dietary adjustments, and stress reduction strategies. These conservative measures can often help manage milder cases. However, if symptoms are more severe and do not improve with lifestyle changes, additional interventions may be required. Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills, may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce hormone-related fluctuations. In some cases, antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be used to address anxiety and depressive symptoms associated with PMDD.